Part 1: How to Fix a Leaky Faucet
A dripping faucet is more than just an annoyance; it’s a silent source of wasted water and a higher utility bill. The good news is that most faucet leaks are caused by a worn-out component that is easy and inexpensive to replace.
Common Culprits:
- Worn-out Washer: In a compression faucet (the kind with separate hot and cold handles), a rubber washer presses against a valve seat. Over time, friction wears it down, causing a leak.
- Damaged O-Ring: In a cartridge faucet (the kind with a single lever), the O-ring seals the spout. A worn O-ring can cause a leak at the base of the faucet.
- Faulty Cartridge: In a single-handle faucet, the cartridge is a self-contained unit that controls the water flow and temperature. If it’s old or damaged, the entire cartridge needs to be replaced.
Tools You’ll Need:
- Adjustable wrench
- Screwdriver (flathead and Phillips)
- Replacement parts kit (washers, O-rings, or a new cartridge)
- Plumber’s grease
- Small bucket and rag
Steps to Fix the Leak:
- Turn Off the Water: The most crucial first step is to shut off the water supply to the faucet. Look for the two shutoff valves under the sink and turn them clockwise. If your valves are stuck or you can’t find them, turn off the main water supply to your house.
- Disassemble the Faucet:
- Cover the drain with a rag to prevent small parts from falling in.
- Pry off the decorative cap on the handle with a flathead screwdriver.
- Unscrew the screw underneath and remove the handle.
- Depending on your faucet type, use a wrench to unscrew the packing nut or retaining clip to expose the internal components.
- Replace the Part: Remove the old, worn-out part and take it to a hardware store to find an exact match. Apply a thin layer of plumber’s grease to the new O-ring or washer before installation. If you have a cartridge faucet, simply remove the old cartridge and slide in the new one.
- Reassemble and Test: Put the faucet back together in the reverse order. Turn the water supply back on slowly and check for any drips.
Part 2: How to Fix a Running Toilet
A toilet that runs continuously is a major water waster, but the fix is usually quick and painless. The problem lies within the tank, and a simple adjustment or replacement is all it takes.
Common Culprits:
- Faulty Flapper: The flapper is the rubber seal at the bottom of the tank. If it’s old, warped, or doesn’t seal properly, water will constantly leak into the bowl, causing the toilet to run to refill the tank.
- Chain is Too Long or Short: The chain connecting the flush handle to the flapper needs to be the right length. If it’s too short, it can hold the flapper slightly open. If it’s too long, it can get tangled and prevent the flapper from sealing.
- Float is Too High: The float (a float cup or ball) senses the water level in the tank. If the water level is too high, it will spill into the overflow tube, causing the toilet to keep refilling.
Tools You’ll Need:
- Wire cutters (if you need to adjust the chain length)
Steps to Fix a Running Toilet:
- Turn Off the Water: Turn the supply valve behind the toilet clockwise to shut off the water.
- Inspect the Flapper and Chain:
- Take the lid off the tank and flush the toilet to drain the water.
- Examine the flapper. If it’s discolored, brittle, or doesn’t sit flush against the drain hole, it needs to be replaced. A new flapper costs under $10 and is easy to install.
- Check the chain. Ensure it has a small amount of slack when the flapper is closed. If it’s too long, use wire cutters to snip a few links.
- Check the Float and Water Level:
- Turn the water back on and watch the tank fill. The water level should stop about an inch below the top of the overflow tube.
- If the water level is too high, you can adjust the float. Most modern toilets have a screw or a clip on the fill valve that allows you to lower the float. If the float ball is old and full of water, it’s a good idea to replace it.
By following these simple DIY tips, you can address two of the most frequent plumbing issues in your home, saving water, money, and the hassle of a plumber’s visit.
